Ochoa syndrome

Ochoa syndrome is a condition characterized by unusual facial expressions and urinary problems.  Affected individuals have a characteristic frown-like facial expression when they try to smile or laugh, often described as "inversion" of facial expression; this may appear as early as an infant begins to smile. The urinary problems associated with the condition, which typically become apparent in early childhood or adolescence, may include incontinence, inability to completely empty the bladder, urinary tract infections, hydronephrosis, and eventual kidney failure. Other signs and symptoms may include constipation, loss of bowel control and/or muscle spasms of the anus. The syndrome can be caused by mutations in the HPSE2 gene and is inherited in a autosomal recessive manner. Treatment, which may involve bladder re-education, prophylactic antibiotics, anticholinergic therapy (to decrease bladder hyperactivity), and alpha-blockers, is important in the prevention of upper urinary tract deterioration and renal failure. Source: Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), supported by ORDR-NCATS and NHGRI.